Mi nombre es Carlos Eduardo, D'Abreu Hernández; mi profesión es Abogado egresado de La Universidad del Zulia en el año 1994, con maestria en Derecho Mercantil en la Universidad Rafael Belloso Chacín (URBE) en el año 2001. Docente activo en URBE desde el año 1996 hasta la fecha y miembro del Comité de Tesis de la Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Políticas.
Mis expectativas del curso responden a la ampliación de conocimiento de el idioma del ingles, utilizando las herramientas electrónicas sugeridas.
UNIDAD 1: El uso del Diccionario
Fecha: 25/08/2011
MSc. Carlos D´Abreu Hernández
Ejercicio 1:
I: Selecciona un texto en Ingles (tres párrafos) relacionado con tu campo de experiencia(o línea de investigación).
POPULISM
Populism, defined either as an ideology, or (less commonly) a political philosophy, or a type of discourse, of sociopolitical thought that compares "the people" against "the elite", and urges social and political system changes, or a type of political mobilization that is essentially devoid of theory. It can also be defined as a rhetorical style employed by members of various political or social movements. It is defined by the Cambridge dictionary as "political ideas and activities that are intended to represent ordinary people's needs and wishes". It can be understood as any political discourse that appeals to the general mass of the population, to the "people" as such, regardless of class distinctions and political partisanship: "a folksy appeal to the 'average guy' or some allegedly general will". This is in opposition to statism, which holds that a small group of professional politicians know better than the people and should make decisions on behalf of them. Nevertheless, populist discourse frequently (often, but not always, in the Latin American case) buttresses an authoritarian top-down process of political mobilization in which the leader addresses the masses without the mediation of either parties or institutions.
Academic and scholarly definitions of populism vary widely and the term is often employed in loose, inconsistent and undefined ways to denote appeals to ‘the people’, ‘demagogy’ and ‘catch-all’ politics or as a receptacle for new types of parties whose classification is unclear. A factor held to diminish the value of ‘populism’ in some societies is that, as Margaret Canovan notes in her 1981 study Populism, unlike labels such as ‘conservative’ or ‘socialist’, the meanings of which have been ‘chiefly dictated by their adherents’, contemporary populists rarely call themselves ‘populists’ and usually reject the term when it is applied to them by others.
Given its central tenet that democracy should reflect the pure and undiluted will of the people, populism can sit easily with ideologies of both right and left. While leaders of populist movements in recent decades have claimed to be on either the left or the right of the political spectrum, many populists claim to be neither "left wing", "centrist" nor "right wing."
II: Lee tu texto y subraya 5 palabras nuevas.
1) Ideology; 2) Discourse; 3) Statism; 4) Authoritarian, 5) Demagogy.
III: Busca en el diccionario y escribe el significado que mejor se adapte al contexto donde se encuentra.
Ideology: IDEOLOGIA; Discourse: DISCURSO; Statism: ESTATISMO
Authoritarian: AUTORITARIO, Demagogy: DEMAGOGIA
Fuente: APPLETON´S NEW CUYAS DICTIONARY. INGLES-ESPAÑOL. SIXTH EDITION.
LAROUSSE DICCIONARIO POCKET.
IV: Señala abreviaciones. Indica si es palabra de contenido o de función.
Ideology: (f) s. IDEOLOGIA. (contenido); Discourse: (m) s. (contenido) DISCURSO; Statism: (m) s. (contenido) ESTATISMO; Authoritarian: (m) adj (contenido) AUTORITARIO, Demagogy: (f) s (contenido) DEMAGOGIA
VI: Busca y subraya dos ejemplos para cada una de las siguientes categorías lexicales: Sustantivos, adjetivos, adverbios, verbos, conjunciones, preposiciones, artículos, prefijos, sufijos y cognados falsos y verdaderos.
Sustantivos (Abstractos):
1) Populism 2) Ideology (En el texto de color negro subrayado)
Adjetivos:
1) Small 2) Political (En el texto de color verde)
Adverbios:
1) Widely 2) Usually (En el texto de color Anaranjado)
Verbos:
1) Applied 2) Employed (En el texto de color rojo)
Conjunciones:
1) And 2) or (En el texto de color violeta)
Preposiciones:
1) of 2) by (En el texto de color negro)
Artículos:
1) The 2) A (En el texto de color rojo subrayado)
Prefijos:
1) Inconsist , 2) undefined , 3) Unlike (En el texto de color verde subrayado)
Sufijos:
1) Rarely 2) Easily (En el texto de color anaranjado subrayado)
Cognados Verdaderos:
1) Dictionary 2) Political (En el texto de color violeta subrayado)
Cognados Falsos:
No hay en los párrafos analizados.
VII: Escribe cual es la idea principal del texto y escribe con tus propias palabras que dice el texto en español.
La idea principal del texto es la concepción del populismo.
El texto refiere a que el populismo es considerado por unos como una ideología, y por otros como una filosofía política o un tipo de discurso, en este último caso, siendo un pensamiento político social donde se compara al pueblo contra la elite, y se insta a cambios en el sistema social y político, o a un tipo de movilización política que mucha veces es carente de teoría.
El populismo se puede entender como un discurso político que apela a la masa general de la población, a la gente como tal, humilde, sencilla, independientemente de las diferencias de clases y el partidismo político. En oposición al estatismo, que sostiene que un pequeño grupo políticos profesionales conocen mejor a la gente del pueblo y por lo tanto deben tomar las decisiones por estos.
Por lo general el populista se caracteriza por ese don autoritario, con el cual realiza una movilización política de las masas populares, sin la mediación de instituciones previamente establecidas.
UNIDAD 1: El uso del Diccionario
Fecha: 25/08/2011
MSc. Carlos D´Abreu Hernández
Ejercicio 2: Colocado en clases
I: Entregado un texto sobre la Law.
LAW
Law, is a system of rules and guidelines, usually enforced through a set of institutions. It shapes politics, economics and society in numerous ways and serves as a social mediator of relations between people. Contract law regulars everything from buying a bus tickets to trading on derivatives markets. Property law defines rights and obligations related to the transfer and title of personal and real property. Trust law applies to assets held for investment and financial security, while tort law allows claims for compensation if a person´s rights or property are harmed. If the harm is criminalized in a statutes, criminal law offers means by which the state can prosecute the perpetrator. Constitutional law provides a framework for the creation of law, the protection of human rights and the election of political representatives. Administrative law is used to review the decisions of government agencies, while international law governs affairs between sovereign , while international law governs affairs between sovereign states in activities ranging from trade to environmental regulation or military action.
Legal systems elaborate rights and responsibilities in a variety of ways. A general distinctions can be made between civil law jurisdictions which codify their laws, and common law systems, where judge made law is not consolidated. In some countries, religion informs the law. Law provides a rich source of scholarly inquiry, into legal history, philosophy, economic analysis or sociology. Law also raises important and complex issues concerning equality, fairness and justice. “In its majestic equality”, said the author Anatole France in 1894, “the law forbids rich and poor alike to sleep under bridges, beg in the streets and steal loaves of bread. In a typical democracy, the central institutions for interpreting and creating law are the three main branches of government, namely an impartial judiciary, a democratic legislature, and an accountable executive. To implement and enforce the law and provide services to the public, a government´s bureaucracy, the military and police are vital. While all these organs of the state are creatures created and bound by law, an independent legal profession and a vibrant civil society inform and support their progress.
II: Lee tu texto y subraya 3 palabras nuevas.
1) Rules; 2) Guidelines y 3) Shapes.
III: Busca en el diccionario y escribe el significado que mejor se adapte al contexto donde se encuentra.
Rules: REGLAS; Guidelines: PAUTAS; Shapes: PLASMAR, DAR FORMA
Fuente: APPLETON´S NEW CUYAS DICTIONARY. INGLES-ESPAÑOL. SIXTH EDITION.
LAROUSSE DICCIONARIO POCKET.
IV: Señala abreviaciones. Indica si es palabra de contenido o de función.
Rules: (f) s. REGLAS. (contenido); Guidelines: s (contenido) PAUTAS y, Shapes: v (contenido) PLASMAR, DAR FORMA
VI: Busca y subraya dos ejemplos para cada una de las siguientes categorías lexicales: Sustantivos, adjetivos, adverbios, verbos, conjunciones, preposiciones, artículos, prefijos, sufijos y cognados falsos y verdaderos.
Sustantivos (Abstractos):
1) Law 2) institutions (En el texto de color negro subrayado)
Adjetivos:
1) Numerous 2) Typical (En el texto de color verde)
Adverbios:
1) Usually 2) Namely (En el texto de color Anaranjado)
Verbos:
1) Enforced 2) Created (En el texto de color rojo)
Conjunciones:
1) If 2) and (En el texto de color violeta)
Preposiciones:
1) from 2) between (En el texto de color negro)
Artículos:
1) The 2) A (En el texto de color rojo subrayado)
Prefijos:
No se encontró en el texto analizado
Sufijos:
1) Scholarly 2) Fairness (En el texto de color anaranjado subrayado)
Cognados Verdaderos:
1) Society 2) System (En el texto de color violeta subrayado)
Cognados Falsos:
No hay en los párrafos analizados.
VII: Escribe cual es la idea principal del texto y escribe con tus propias palabras que dice el texto en español.
La idea principal del texto es la concepción de la ley.
El texto refiere a que la ley es un sistema de reglas y pautas usualmente ejecutadas a través de un conjunto de instituciones. La ley le da forma a la política, la economía y la sociedad de muchas maneras, y sirve como un mediador social de las relaciones entre las personas.
El derecho constitucional establece un marco para la creación de la ley, protegiendo los derechos humanos y la elección de los representantes políticos.
Pre modificadores: no tiene
Pre modificadores: The
Pre modificadores: no hay
3. Categorias lexicales: (2 ejemplos por categoría)
Palabras de contenido: 1) government 2) eligible (en subrayado)
Palabras de Función:1) the 2) to (en amarrillo)
Verbos: 1) is 2) includes (en rojo)
Adverbio: 1) notably 2) intimately (en naranja)
Adjetivo: 1) political 2) popular (en azul)
Artículo: 1) some 2) the (en verde)
Preposiciones: 1) Into 2) from (en violeta)
Conjunción: 1) and 2) or (en rojo subrayado)
Cognados verdaderos: 1) Democracy = Democracia 2) natality = natalidad
Sufijo: 1) Really 2) Sovereignty (en naranja subrayada)
Prefijos: 1) encompass 2) Uprising (en negro subrayado)
Pre modificadores: Legal
Pre modificadores: If the
EJERCICIO UNIDAD 2
ESTRUCTURA DE LA ORACION
Fecha:26/08/2011
1. Seleccione un texto relacionado con su experticia. (Uno o dos párrafos)
A POLICY
A policy is usually described as a principle or rule to guide decisions and achieve rational outcome (s). The term is not normally used to refer to what is done, this is usually referred to as one of the [1] or protocol. Whereas a policycontaining the "what" and "why", procedures or protocols containing the "what", the "how", the "where" and "when." Policies are generally adopted by the Board of governing body or within an organization superior to procedures or protocolswould be developed and approved by senior management. Policies can help both subjective and objective decision making. Policies to assist in makingsubjective decisions usually help the top management decisions should take intoaccount the relative merits of a number of factors before making decsions and as a result are often difficult to prove objectively, example. work-life balance policy. In contrast to the policies of aid in objective decision making for example, tend to be operational and can be tested objectively. Password Policy.
2. Idea principal del texto (en español). Explique que dice el texto en sus propias palabras
La idea principal es la concepción de la política
La política pude ser descrita como un principio o norma para guiar las decisiones y lograr resultados racionales. Una política contendrá el “qué” y el “por qué”, procedimientos o protocolo contienen el “qué”, “el “cómo”, el “dónde” y el “cuándo”. Las políticas son generalmente adoptadas por la junta de gobierno. Las políticas pueden ayudar a tomar decisiones.
3. Seleccione tres oraciones dentro del texto e indique: La frase nominal, su núcleo, pre y post modificadores, la frase verbal, su núcleo, el tiempo verbal de la oración. Además 2 ejemplos de elementos referenciales
1) A policy is usually described as a principle or rule to guides decisions and achieve rational outcome (s).
Frase nominal: Policy (en color rojo)
Núcleo de la frase nominal: Policy (sust. singular)
Pre modificadores: no tiene
Post modificadores: no tiene
Frase verbal: is usually described as a principle or rule to guides decisions and achieve rational outcome (s). (en color negro)
Núcleo de la frase verbal: is described
Tiempo verbal: Presente voz pasiva
2) The term is not normally used to refer to what is done, this is usually referred to as one of the or protocol.
Frase nominal: The term (en color rojo)
Núcleo de la frase nominal: term (sust. singular)
Pre modificadores: The
Post modificadores: No hay
Frase verbal: is not normally used to refer to what is done, this is usually referred to as one of the or protocol. (en color negro)
Núcleo de la frase verbal: is not used
Tiempo verbal: presente voz pasiva
3) Policies can help both subjective and objective decision making.
Frase nominal: Policies (en color rojo)
Núcleo de la frase nominal: Policies (sust. plural)
Pre modificadores: no hay
Post modificadores: No hay
Frase verbal: can help both subjective and objective decision making. (en color negro)
Núcleo de la frase verbal: can help
Tiempo verbal: presente
Señale algunos referentes presentes en su texto: 1) What 2) Where (en color azul).
TALLER DE INGLES UNIDADES 1 Y 2
Fecha: 27/08/2011
A. Categorias lexicales y uso del diccionario.
1. Selecciona un texto relacionado con tu área de interés.
DEMOCRACY
Democracy is a form of government in which all eligible people have an equal say in the decisions that affect their lives. Ideally, this includes equal (and more or less direct) participation in the proposal, development and passage of legislation into law. It can also encompass social, economic and cultural conditions that enable the free and equal practice of political self-determination. The term comes from the Greek: δημοκρατία – (dēmokratía) "rule of the people", which was coined from δῆμος (dêmos) "people" and κράτος (Kratos) "power", in the middle of the 5th-4th century BC to denote the political systems then existing in some Greek city-states, notably Athens following a popular uprising in 508 BC. /Democracy is often confused with the republic form of government.
According to some theories of democracy, popular sovereignty is the founding principle of such a system./However, the democratic principle has also been expressed as "the freedom to call something into being which did not exist before, which was not given… and which therefore, strictly speaking, could not be known."This type of freedom, which is connected to human "natality," or the capacity to begin anew, sees democracy as "not only a political system… [but] an ideal, an aspiration, really, intimately connected to and dependent upon a picture of what it is to be human—of what it is a human should be to be fully human."
Identifica 3 palabras que no conoces. Búscalas en el diccionario, escribe su significado en español.. Agrega las abreviaciones. Indicar que tipo de palabra es (contenido- función)
government: (m). s. contenido = gobierno
eligible: adj. contenido = elegible
theories (f). s . contenido = teorías
2. Idea principal del texto (en español). Explique que dice el texto en sus propias palabras.
La Idea principal es la democracia como forma de gobierno.
La democracia es una forma de gobierno en el que la personas elegibles tienen igual peso en las decisiones relacionadas a sus vidas. Idealmente esto incluye la igualdad, la participación en la propuesta, el desarrollo y aprobación de la legislación (la ley). Abarca también las condiciones sociales, económicas y culturales que permitan el ejercicio libre e igualitario de la autodeterminación política. La democracia se confunde a menudo con la forma de gobierno de la república. En la democracia, la soberanía popular es el principio fundamental de este sistema.
3. Categorias lexicales: (2 ejemplos por categoría)
Palabras de contenido: 1) government 2) eligible (en subrayado)
Palabras de Función:1) the 2) to (en amarrillo)
Verbos: 1) is 2) includes (en rojo)
Adverbio: 1) notably 2) intimately (en naranja)
Adjetivo: 1) political 2) popular (en azul)
Artículo: 1) some 2) the (en verde)
Preposiciones: 1) Into 2) from (en violeta)
Conjunción: 1) and 2) or (en rojo subrayado)
Cognados verdaderos: 1) Democracy = Democracia 2) natality = natalidad
Cognados Falsos: No se observaron
Sufijo: 1) Really 2) Sovereignty (en naranja subrayada)
Prefijos: 1) encompass 2) Uprising (en negro subrayado)
B. Estructura de la oración:
1. Seleccione dos oraciones de un texto relacionado con su experticia. (Incluya referencia)
LAW
Law, is a system of rules and guidelines, usually enforced through a set of institutions. It shapes politics, economics and society in numerous ways and serves as a social mediator of relations between people. Contract law regulars everything from buying a bus tickets to trading on derivatives markets. Property law defines rights and obligations related to the transfer and title of personal and real property. Trust law applies to assets held for investment and financial security, while tort law allows claims for compensation if a person´s rights or property are harmed. If the harm is criminalized in a statutes, criminal law offers means by which the state can prosecute the perpetrator. Constitutional law provides a framework for the creation of law, the protection of human rights and the election of political representatives. Administrative law is used to review the decisions of government agencies, while international law governs affairs between sovereign , while international law governs affairs between sovereign states in activities ranging from trade to environmental regulation or military action.
Legal systems elaborate rights and responsibilities in a variety of ways. A general distinctions can be made between civil law jurisdictions which codify their laws, and common law systems, where judge made law is not consolidated. In some countries, religion informs the law. Law provides a rich source of scholarly inquiry, into legal history, philosophy, economic analysis or sociology. Law also raises important and complex issues concerning equality, fairness and justice. “In its majestic equality”, said the author Anatole France in 1894, “the law forbids rich and poor alike to sleep under bridges, beg in the streets and steal loaves of bread. In a typical democracy, the central institutions for interpreting and creating law are the three main branches of government, namely an impartial judiciary, a democratic legislature, and an accountable executive. To implement and enforce the law and provide services to the public, a government´s bureaucracy, the military and police are vital. While all these organs of the state are creatures created and bound by law, an independent legal profession and a vibrant civil society inform and support their progress.
1) Legal systems elaborate rights and responsibilities in a variety of ways.
Frase nominal: Legal systems
Núcleo de la frase nominal: Systems (sust. plural)
Pre modificadores: Legal
Post modificadores: No hay
Frase verbal: elaborate rights and responsibilities in a variety of ways.
Núcleo de la frase verbal: elaborate
Tiempo verbal: Presente plural
2) If the harm is criminalized in a statutes, criminal law offers means by which the state can prosecute the perpetrator.
Frase nominal: the harm
Núcleo de la frase nominal: harm (sust.)
Pre modificadores: If the
Post modificadores: No hay
Frase verbal: is criminalized in a statutes, criminal law offers means by which the state can prosecute the perpetrator.
Núcleo de la frase verbal: is
Tiempo verbal: pasado
2. señales algunos referentes presentes en su texto: 1) Which 2) It (en color azul).
EJERCICIOS UNIDAD 3
TECNICAS DE LECTURA: PREDICCION, SCANNING Y SKIMMING
Fecha:29/08/2011
1. Seleccione un texto que tenga una imagen.
2. Observe la imagen y conteste las siguientes preguntas. De acuerdo al título y la imagen:
¿Cuál cree usted que el tópico que está a punto de leer?
R: Un programa de trabajo en los Estados Unidos.
Luego lea el texto.
¿Cuál es la idea general del texto?
R: Un programa que se le denomina trabajo de verano/viaje que permite a los estudiantes extranjeros trabajar en los Estados Unidos durante sus vacaciones. Este programa se creó con base a una ley del año 1961 “Ley de Intercambio Educativo y Cultural Mutuo.
¿Qué palabras se repiten?
R: Program; students; work y work/travel; summer; United States; State Department; J visa exchange. (Ver en el texto palabras subrayadas)
¿Qué palabras se parecen al español?
R: student /estudiante; program/programa; students/estudiantes; United States/Estados Unidos; vacations/vacaciones; department/departamento; state/estado; english/ingles; school/escuela; hotals/hoteles; restaurants/restaurante; prívate/privado; americans/americanos; congress/congreso; popular/polular; cultural/cultural
¿Cuáles son las palabras en negrita, el titulo, subtitulo o gráficos que te ayudan a entender el texto?
R:
A program for Un programa para trabajar en Estados Unidos. working in the
United States
United States
J-one exchange visa: Visa J-un cambio
Break: Receso
resorts: centros turísticos
amusement parks: parques de atracciones
be involved in patient care: Estar implicados en la atención al paciente.
heads: dirige
to gather information: a recopilar información
advises students to avoid: Aconseja a losestudiantes para evitar
sponsors: patrocinadores
make sure they are currently in school: asegurarse de que están actualmente en la escuela.
J visa exchange programs: J programas de intercambio
¿De qué trata el texto? Lee el primer párrafo y el último o las últimas ideas del último párrafo.
R:Steve Ember hace referencia de un escrito de Nancy Steinbach en un informe especial de un curso de ingles, donde un estudiante quiere saber sobre el programa que permite a los estudiantes extranjeros trabajar en los Estados Unidos durante sus vacaciones de verano. El programa se basa en una Ley de Intercambio Educativo y Cultural Mutuo aprobada por el Congreso de Estados Unidos en 1961. El programa se desarrolla a través de patrocinadores y estos deben confirmar de los aspirantes al programa, la habilidad en el idioma inglés de los estudiantes y asegurarse de que están actualmente en la escuela.
TECNICAS DE LECTURA: SCANNING
3. Seleccione un texto y escribe 4 preguntas puntuales sobre fechas, lugares, etc. Utiliza una biografía referente a algún autor de tu área de experticia.
ABOUT ANIBAL ROMERO.
Aníbal Romero was bom in Barquisimeto in 1951, is a retired teacher from Simón Bolivar University and continued teaching at the School of Liberal Studies at the University Metropolitan of Caracas. He eamed degress in Philosophy and Political Science at the University of Bristol, England in 1975, anMA in 1976 and a doctorante (Ph.D) in 1984 in Strategic Studies at Kings College University of London, with his thesis entitied “The Conservative Challenge. Henry Kissinger and the ideological Crisis of American Foreign Policy. It was co-founder of the graduate program in Political Sciencie from the Universidad Simón Bolivar. He is the author of numerous books, studies and essays, among his works is “The Poverty off Populism, history and politics of Venezuela”.
1. ¿En qué ciudad y año nació?
R: Aníbal Romero was bom in Barquisimeto in 1951.
2. ¿A qué se dedica actualmente?
R: He is a teacher at the School of Liberal Studies at the University Metropolitan of Caracas
3. ¿Qué grados o títulos universitarios obtuvo?
R: He got a degress in Philosophy and Political Science at the University of Bristol, England in 1975, magister in 1976 and a doctorante (Ph.D) in 1984 in Strategic Studies at Kings College University of London.
4. ¿Qué obras literarias ha elaborado?
R: He is the author of numerous books, studies and essays, among his works is “The Poverty off Populism, history and politics of Venezuela”.
EJERCICIOS UNIDAD 4
PATRONES DE ORGANIZACIÓN DE UN PARRAFO
Fecha:30/08/2011
1. Seleccione un texto relacionado con su experticia.
Rafael Antonio Caldera Rodríguez; 24 January 1916 – 24 December 2009) was President of Venezuela from 1969 to 1974 and again from 1994 to 1999.
Rafael Caldera, was born in San Felipe, Yaracuy. His parents were Tomás Rafael Caldera Izaguirre and Rosa Sofía Rodriguez Rivero. Orphaned at a young age, he was adopted by his aunt Maria Eva Rodriguez Rivero, who was married to lawyer Tomás Liscano, and became part of a wealthy Venezuelan Roman Catholic family. He married Alicia Pietri de Caldera (granddaughter of Juan Pietri, and first-cousins with Arturo Uslar Pietri and Andre Boulton Pietri) in 1941 with whom he had six children: Mireya, Juan José, Rafael Tomás, Alicia Helena, Cecilia, and Andrés Antonio Caldera Pietri.
Caldera taught sociology and law at various universities before entering politics. He was a founding member of COPEI, Venezuela's Christian Democratic party. He first ran for president unsuccessfully in 1947 and tried again every time it was possible until finally succeeding in 1968, winning by a relatively scant 33,000 votes against a recently divided Acción Democrática party. When he was sworn into office in 1969, it marked the first peaceful transfer of power from one party to another in Venezuela's history. During his first presidency, Caldera was able to pacify the country by granting an amnesty that allowed guerrilla fighters, who had been operating clandestinely for almost a decade, to reincorporate them to society and participate in politics.
In 1993, Caldera split from COPEI, the party he had founded, to form a new political party, Convergence, which, supported by a coalition of many small leftist parties: (MAS, MEP,PCV) as well as some centre-right parties (URD, MIN), raised Caldera to the presidency in December 1993. This was a fatal blow to the traditional parties which, leaderless and demoralized, garnered few votes in the election. He won a very narrow victory in that year's presidential election. During his second presidential period, he pardoned Hugo Chavez, who eventually went on to succeed him in 1999.
Caldera attended elementary school in San Felipe 1921–1922, entered San Ignacio school of the Society of Jesus in Caracas 1923–1925, in 1926 returned to Yaracuy studying at Padre Delgado school, and secondary education again in Caracas (San Ignacio school) 1927–1931, made his superior studies in this city, at the Central University of Venezuela (UCV) 1931–1938, obtained a doctorate in the Faculty of Law and Political Sciences, later was professor of sociology and law in several universities including the UCV, where he was a student leader, which took him into the political world.
Due to his education, Caldera was fluent in languages including French, English, Italian, while being somewhat fluent in German and Portuguese. Caldera was also a leading student on the 19th century humanist and educator Andrés Bello and wrote multiple books on politics, literature and Christian Democracy, and was a member of the Venezuela Academy of de the Language. As such, one of his achievements is the acceptance of millardo (“milliard, 10) by the Royal Spaniish Academy in 1995.
Caldera participated in educative and political circles, like the direction of the Venezuelan Institute of Labor rights (1958–1966) and the presidencies of the Venezuelan Association of Sociology (1958–1967), the Christian Democratic Organization of Latin America (1964–1968) and the Worldwide Christian Democratic Union (1967–1968).
2. Lea el texto y extraiga las definiciones y marcadores del discurso.
24 January 1916 (Marc de tiempo)
Rafael Caldera, was born in San Felipe (Marcador de definición)
His parents were Tomás Rafael Caldera Izaguirre and Rosa Sofía Rodriguez Rivero. (Marcador de definición)
He was a founding member of COPEI, Venezuela's Christian Democratic party (Marcador de definición)
In 1993, (Marc de tiempo)
During his second presidential period (Marc de ordenación)
who eventually went on to succeed him (Marc de ordenación)
in 1999. (Marc de tiempo)
Caldera attended elementary school in San Felipe 1921–1922 (Marc de tiempo)
in Caracas 1923–1925, (Marc de tiempo)
in 1926 returned to Yaracuy (Marc de tiempo)
made his superior studies (Marc de ordenación)
at the Central University of Venezuela (UCV) 1931–1938 (Marc de tiempo
He first ran for president (Marc de ordenación)
3. Seleccione otro texto relacionado con su área de experticia y extraiga las palabras claves, diga si son de instrucciones, de secuencia u ordenamiento del tiempo.
system has been very slow, gradual and piecemeal. However, there has been a growing movement for more fundamental reform. The appetite for constitutional change became much stronger in the aftermath of the May 2009 scandal over the expenses of Members of Parliament. Then the formation in May 2010 of a Conservative/Liberal Democrat coalition Government opened up new possibilties for change with a number of specific measures set out in the agreement between the parties establishing the new government.
The proposed changes on the agenda of the current Coalition Government are as follows:
- Fixed term parliaments - Elections to the House of Commons have to be held within five years of the last General Election but the Prime Minister has complete discretion over the actual date which is often the subject of considerable speculation. The parties have agreed to the establishment of five year fixed-term parliaments. Therefore the Government will put a binding motion before the House of Commons stating that the next General Election will be held on the first Thursday of May 2015. Following this motion, legislation will be brought forward to make provision for fixed term parliaments of five years.
- A new electoral system for the House of Commons - Britain is unusual in Europe in having an electoral system which is 'first-past-the-post' (FPTP) and there are advocates for a system of proportional representation (PR), versions of which are already used for elections to the Scottish Parliament, the Welsh Assembly and the Northern Ireland Assembly and for British elections to the European Parliament. As a vital component of the coalition agreement, legislation was carried to enable a referendum to be held on an electoral system called the alternative vote (AV) which enables the voter to number candidates in order of preference and requires a winning candidate to secure more than 50% of the votes which, if not achieved on the first count, is achieved through successive withdrawal of the lowest-polling candidate and redistribution of that candidate's preferences. The referendum - only the second UK-wide referendum in our history - was held on 5 May 2011, but the current electoral system was supported by a margin of more than two to one (I voted for a move to AV).
- Election of the House of Lords - At present, no member of the upper house is actually elected; most are appointed on the nomination of party leaders with a small number remaining from the originally much larger group of hereditary peers. The Government has outlined two initiatives: first, a draft House of Lords Reform Bill that would reduce the membership from over 800 to 300 of whom 80% would be elected by the single transferable vote form of proportional representation and, second, a White Paper containing proposals for a 100% elected upper house. Both proposals are to be scutinised by a cross-party committee of MPs and peers, but this examination will take at least a year and neither the Commons nor the Lords is keen on either of the proposals for very different reasons (MPs do not want the Lords to gain more legitimacy and nominated peers do not want to be replaced by elected representatives).
of the May 2009 (Marcador de tiempo)
in May 2010 (Marcador de tiempo)
within five years of the last General Election (Marcador de tiempo)
will put a binding motion before the House of Commons (Marcador de secuencia)
Britain is unusual in Europe (Marcador de secuencia)
is 'first-past-the-post' (Marcador de secuencia)
actually elected (Marcador de secuencia)
REFLEXION
Escribe una entrada final donde reflexiones sobre los aspectos de tu curso que te ayudaron a caminar una aventura con éxito, incluye los siguientes aspectos:
1) Clases en el salón y clases en el laboratorio: Me parecieron muy amenas y didácticas, en el laboratorio se aprendió mucho sobre las técnicas de la informática.
2) Materiales utilizados: Todos de calidad, cada unidad contentiva de conocimientos, ejemplos que ayudan a entender fácilmente el ingles.
3) Compañeros de clases: Me pareció un grupo multidisciplinario (educadores, ingenieros, abogados, periodistas, etc. hecho que nutrió mucho el desarrollo del curso. Compañeros muy agradables en el plano personal.
4) Uso del blog como cuaderno digital: Ha sido después del conocimiento básico del inglés, una herramienta de gran utilidad y que nos proporcionará gran ayuda en nuestras profesiones.
5) ¿Puedes enfrentar un texto de ingles sin miedo? Realmente se tiene un conocimiento básico del idioma, más la fuerza de voluntad lo puede todo.
6) ¿Vas a continuar leyendo textos de inglés?: Por supuesto que si, para seguir nutriendo el conocimiento en el área de este idioma.
7) ¿Qué sugieres para los próximos cursos?: Sugeriría que los cursos intensivos fueran con un poco mas de tiempo, para poder aprovechar más el intenso material que se ofrece a los participantes, 7 días considero es muy poco, tal vez 14 días (dos semanas).
Profesora Doris muchas gracias por los conocimientos impartidos, realmente usted domina el área del ingles y lo demostró a carta cabal. Las clases las hizo muy amenas y dinámicas, y siempre tuvo para nosotros su mejor disposición, entusiasmo, dándonos aliento y optimismo para aprender ingles divirtiéndonos.
En el plano legal y en el político estoy a su orden en lo que necesite. Su alumno y colega institucional.
